Madras Railway (Madras Railway Company) was one of the railway companies operating rail services in British India.
In 1832, the proposal to construct the first railway line in India at Madras was made by the British. In 1835, the railway track was constructed between Little Mount and Chintadripet in Madras and became operational in 1837. Madras Railway was established later in 1845 and the construction on the first main line between Madras and Arcot started in 1853, which became operational in 1856. Its objective was to connect Madras on the east coast with the west coast and to link up with the line from Bombay

In 1862, a link with the west coast was established with a line to Beypore, which served as the western terminus of the Madras Railway. The western terminus was shifted to Kozhikode in 1888. The link between Jolarpettai, a station on the Chennai-Beypore and Bangalore Cantonment was established in 1864. In 1871, the Madras Railway was extended up to Raichur and was linked with an extension of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway from Kalyan thereby connecting Madras and Bombay. Vijayawada link was established in 1899, thereby opening the Howrah-Chennai main line connecting Madras with Calcutta.